Scientifically known as Hibiscus sabdariffa, the Roselle plant is as versatile and potent for human health and wellness as it is beautiful. More than that, Roselle benefits are many, and all aerial parts of the plant are used in various cuisines, beverages, and medicinal remedies across different cultures.

This article delves into the diverse uses of Roselle and summarizes ts multifaceted benefits.

The seeds, leaves, fruits, and roots of the roselle plant edible and medicinal.

Quick Summary of Some Roselle Uses

• Edible flowers for salads and cooking
• Medicinally as:
  • capsules
  • powder
  • tea
  • tincture
• Roselle flower tea
  • dried roselle flowers
  • fresh roselle flowers
  • roselle calyx, dried and fresh
  • roselle rosehips
• Ornamental

Proven Medicinal Roselle Benefits

There are many scientifically proven benefits of Hibiscus sabdariffa, as you will discover in this article. It’s awesome that science is catching up to centuries old ethnobotanical knowledge, (and what “Grandma” knew)! 😉

Hibiscus sabdariffa decoctions and infusions of calyxes, and on occasion leaves, are used in at least 10 countries worldwide in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
~March 2013 Study on H. Sabdariffa PMC3593772^[1]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593772/

REFERENCE: Hibiscus sabdariffa in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. March 2013 Study.^[2]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593772/

Quick Scan List of Some Roselle Medicinal Benefits

This is the short list of the Roselle benefits identified through scientific research.

IMPORTANT: Remember, this is researched information, not prescriptive. It’s always advisable to do your own research and consult with your respective healthcare practitioners.

• Antibiotic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Antioxidants
• Blood pressure
• Cholesterol reduction
• Digestive Health
• Dietary fiber
• Diuretic
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemia
• Immunity
• Laxative
• Liver
• Obesity
• Skin / Anti-melogenic

A Guatemalan study on Hibiscus sabdariffa, revealed Roselle extract to contain ten phenolic acids, ten flavonoids, and two anthocyanins.

Apaza Ticona, L., Pérez-Uz, B., García Esteban, M.T. et al. Anti-melanogenic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 32, 127–132 (2022). ^[3]https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-022-00236-y

You may also enjoy our brief article on polyphenols and flavonoids.

Next, let’s break it down further.

Scientifically Validated Roselle Benefits and Uses

The Hibiscus sabdariffa plant has various uses, from medicine to cosmetics, because all of its parts are beneficial. Historically, Roselle has been utilized in various traditional medicinal practices, many of which have now been validated scientifically as well.

Antibiotic

Research revealed that the methanol extract of H. sabdariffa calyces contained effective antibacterial agent(s) that performed even better than penicillin against some microbial infections.^[4]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4835995/^[5]https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/211.html#

Antibacterial Roselle Benefits

Antibacterials are a subset of antimicrobials that specifically target bacteria. They do not have action against viruses, fungi, or other types of microorganisms.

The results of a one antibacterial study of Hibiscus sabdariffa, found that the methanol extract of H. sabdariffa calyces contained effective antibacterial agent(s). These compounds inhibited Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, comparable to gentamicin, and greatly higher than penicillin which showed weak or no effect.^[6]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4835995/

Studies of Hibiscus sabdariffa antibacterial benefits showed Roselle to be higher than penicillin and comparable to gentamicin.

Roselle’s antibacterial benefits were also proven to be beneficial in meat preservation, while adding antioxidant benefits.^[7]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464790/

Antimicrobial

Antimicrobials are agents that can act against a broad range of microorganisms, which may include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens.

A study of the antimicrobial efficacy of H. sabdariffa found the presence of these beneficial compounds in Roselle extract: Saponins phlobatannins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, tannins, steroids and phenolics.Study^[8]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658365514000442

What’s the difference between Antibacterial and Antimicrobial?
Antibacterials are specialized antimicrobials that focus on bacteria. They fall under the larger category of antimicrobials, but they do not have the broad-spectrum activity that some other antimicrobials might have.

Anti-inflammatory

Polyphenolic compounds present in H. sabdariffa extract support the anti-inflammatory effect of Roselle.^[9]https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43450-022-00236-y Another study found that H. sabdariffa
seeds possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in rat model research.^[10]https://bdvets.org/JAVAR/V1I2/a13_pp50-57.pdf

Antioxidant Properties

Roselle is packed with antioxidants, which are known to combat oxidative stress in the body. This can potentially reduce the risk of numerous chronic diseases and inflammations.^[11]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6347049/^[12]https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/211.html#

Blood Pressure Regulation

Studies have found that drinking hibiscus tea, made from the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant, helped lower blood pressure in adults who were either at risk for hypertension or had mild hypertension.

Participants drank three cups of hibiscus tea a day for six weeks and saw a noticeable drop in their systolic blood pressure. The tea didn’t have the same impact on everyone but was most effective for those who started with higher blood pressure levels.

These findings suggest that adding hibiscus tea to your diet could be a simple way to help manage blood pressure.^[13]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593772/^[14]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593772/^[15]https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=240716

Daily consumption of hibiscus tea, in an amount readily incorporated into the diet, lowers blood pressure in pre and mildly hypertensive adults.
~Study published 2010: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure…^[16]https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=240716

Cancer

Researchers have found that the leaves of the Roselle, have promising anti-cancer properties. These leaves are rich in special compounds called polyphenols, which were shown to be effective in stopping the growth of breast cancer cells in lab tests. Not only did the Roselle leaf extract halt cancer cell growth, but it also showed significant antioxidant activity.

When tested on zebrafish, the extract was effective in reducing tumor growth and the spread of cancer, similar to the effects of known cancer drugs like paclitaxel. These findings suggest that Roselle could potentially be a natural remedy for breast cancer treatment, offering hope for new ways to fight this common disease.

Researchers have found that the leaves of the Hibiscus sabdariffa, have promising anti-cancer properties.
~2020 Study of Roselle leaf extract against breast cancer cells^[17]https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rjpt&volume=13&issue=2&article=020

Cholesterol

There’s evidence pointing to Roselle’s ability to aid in lowering levels of bad LDL cholesterol while boosting good HDL cholesterol.^[18]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593772/

Digestive Health

The plant leaves and flour made from the Roselle seeds provides essential dietary fiber, which can promote digestive health and regular bowel movement. ^[19]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252421/

Hypertension

Roselle’s anthocyanin properties contribute to explain the hypotensive and anti-cholesterol effects.^[20]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593772/

Hyperlipidemia

Elevated level of lipids, like cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood that can lead to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and other serious conditions like heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.^[21]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3593772/

Immunity Boost

With its vitamin C content, and Roselle is often recommended as an immune system booster. Beyond that, studies on the dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa showed that it has properties that can boost the immune system without being toxic. Specific parts of the extract increased the production of a helpful anti-inflammatory substance and decreased another that can cause tissue damage.^[22]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816577/

Laxative Benefits

The Roselle plant, particularly its leaves and seeds, have been used traditionally for numerous benefits, including laxative properties. These parts of the plant contain certain compounds and fibers that can help stimulate bowel movements and alleviate constipation.

The dietary fiber in the seeds, for instance, can add bulk to stools, making them easier to pass, while some natural compounds in the leaves might stimulate the muscles of the intestines to contract more efficiently, aiding in the elimination process. Consuming parts of the Roselle plant, therefore, may offer a natural remedy to promote regularity in the digestive system.^[23]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9033014/

Liver Health

Some research indicates that the antioxidants in Roselle might support liver health and help the organ function optimally.^[24]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35487948/

Obesity and Weight Loss

Studies show that consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract reduced obesity, abdominal fat, serum FFA and improved liver steatosis. Roselle could act as an adjuvant for preventing obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.^[25]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24549255/^[26]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35487948/

Skin / Anti-melogenic

Roselle’s high vitamin C and antioxidant content can be beneficial for the skin. It might aid in collagen production, skin hydration, and offer protection against sun and pollution-induced damage through it’s anti-inflammatory and anti-melogenic properties.^[27]https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43450-022-00236-y

Summarizing Roselle Benefits for Health and Wellness

Drinking teas, beverages, or taking pills made from the Roselle plant’s outer layer (calyxes or calyces) has been shown to offer a range of health benefits.

These include helping with high blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, anemia, inflammation, dry mouth, and even assisting with weight loss, and more. These benefits come from the natural compounds in the Roselle, which also help reduce body stress and could prevent certain diseases. ^[28]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9033014/

Roselle Cosmetic Uses

Roselle’s antioxidant properties don’t just benefit the inside of our bodies – they can be helpful externally too.

Hair Care

Some hair products incorporate Roselle due to its ability to stimulate hair growth and prevent premature graying. It’s also believed to combat dandruff and improve overall hair health.^[29]https://patents.google.com/patent/KR20180013423A/en

Skin Care

A Guatemalan study highlighted that Roselle is rich in special compounds called polyphenols. This extract not only contains a mix of beneficial acids, flavonoids, and color compounds but also has properties that reduce skin pigment production and inflammation. This means the compounds in the extract work together to enhance its skin-lightening and anti-inflammatory effects.^[30]https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43450-022-00236-y

Roselle Edible Uses

Beverages

• Hibiscus Tea: The most renowned beverage from Roselle is Hibiscus tea. Made by steeping dried Roselle calyxes in boiling water, this tart and flavorful tea can be enjoyed hot or cold. To complement its natural tanginess, it’s often sweetened with sugar or honey and can be infused with other flavors like ginger or mint.
• Roselle Syrup: Fresh Roselle calyces can be boiled with sugar to produce a rich, flavorful syrup.
• Roselle Juice: When Roselle syrup is diluted with water, it results in a delightful and refreshing beverage.

Jams, Preserves, and Chutney

• Roselle Jam: Dried or fresh Roselle calyces are simmered with sugar to create jams and preserves. The tangy product is an excellent companion to bread, pastries, and other baked goods. The tart fruity calyces are used to made chutney in Asian Indian cuisine.

Food Value of Roselle

• Roselle Leaves: Fresh Roselle leaves can be incorporated into various dishes, much like other leafy greens. In Africa, for instance, these leaves feature in local soups and sauces. Roselle leaves have a citrusy tartness that are reminiscent of French Sorrel and can be used in similar ways.
• Roselle Fruit: The seeds in the fruit can be dried for powder of prepared like legumes, either fresh or dried.

Seeds of Roselle

• Oil Extraction: Dried Roselle seeds can be processed to extract an oil with a mild flavor, which can be used for culinary purposes, offering a nutritional alternative to other vegetable oils.
• Roasted Seeds: Dried Roselle seeds, when roasted, resemble sunflower seeds in taste and texture. They can be seasoned with salt or spices, making for a crunchy snack.
• Flour Substitute: Ground dried Roselle seeds can be blended into flour, enriching baked goods with a unique flavor and boosted nutritional value.
• Protein Source: Both fresh and dried Roselle seeds can be cooked and incorporated into dishes, and both versions serve as a valuable protein source, especially in vegetarian and vegan diets.
  • Fresh seeds can be cooked similarly to fresh beans or peas, offering a quicker cooking time and a tender texture.
  • Dried seeds might require a longer cooking time, similar to other dried legumes.
• Thickening Agent: Ground dried Roselle seeds serve as a natural and nutritionally rich thickening agent, ideal for soups, sauces, and stews.

You can discover more wonderful Roselle Seeds Benefits here.

Hibiscus sabdariffa Cultural Uses

1. West Africa:
   • Ceremonial Beverages: In countries like Nigeria and Senegal, the calyces of Roselle are used to make a red beverage called “Zobo” or “Bissap.” This drink often marks celebrations, festivals, and ceremonies.
   • Symbolism: Roselle is sometimes associated with festivals that celebrate harvest and gratitude.
2. Central and South America:
   • Festive Drinks: In Mexico, Roselle is used to make “Agua de Jamaica,” a popular refreshing drink, especially during the Christmas season.
   • Culinary Uses: Beyond beverages, Roselle is used as a food ingredient, particularly in sauces and jams in countries like Mexico.
3. Southeast Asia:
   • New Year Celebrations: In Thailand, a drink made from Roselle is traditionally consumed during the Songkran (New Year) festival.
   • Desserts and Delicacies: The calyces and the young leaves are used in a variety of dishes, jams, jellies, and desserts in countries like Malaysia and Thailand.
4. Middle East:
   • Refreshing Beverages: In Egypt and Sudan, a drink made from Roselle called “Karkade” is popular. It’s often consumed cold in the hot months and can be served hot as a tea during colder times. The drink is also associated with celebrations and is often served at weddings.
5. Caribbean:
   • Christmas Festivities: In countries like Trinidad and Tobago, a drink made from Roselle is a staple during Christmas festivities.
   • Culinary Significance: In Jamaica, the Roselle plant is used in various recipes, especially during the holiday season.

While these are some specific cultural uses, it’s important to note that the use of Roselle varies widely depending on regional and local traditions. Its significance in cultural and ritualistic practices underscores its multifaceted value to human societies.

You may also enjoy these articles on Roselle.

More Roselle Articles

• Roselle Plant
• When to Harvest Roselle
• Roselle Seeds Benefits

In Summary

From the kitchen to the medicine cabinet, from beauty routines to cultural ceremonies, Roselle’s uses are as diverse as they are valuable. If you don’t live in a tropical or subtropical zone, Roselle can be grown in pots indoors at a sunny window in winter, or as an annual plant outdoors.